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Trigger context variables in salesforce

Context variables are special variables provided by Salesforce to give information about how and when a trigger was run.

Developers can use these variables to determine the context in which the apex code is running and control the flow of execution accordingly.

isExecuting

Returns true if the current context for the Apex code is a trigger, not a Visualforce page, a Web service, or an executeanonymous() API call.

Trigger.isExecuting

Returns true if the trigger was fired due to an insert operation.

Trigger.Insert

Returns true if the trigger was fired due to an update operation.

Trigger.isUpdate

Returns true if the trigger was fired due to a delete operation.

Trigger.isdelete

Returns true if the trigger was fired before any records were saved.

Trigger.isBefore

Returns true if the trigger was fired after records were saved.

Trigger.isAfter

Returns a list of the new versions of the sObject records.

Trigger.new

A map of IDs to the new versions of the sObject records.

Trigger.newMap

Returns a list of the old versions of the sObject records.

Trigger.old

A map of IDs to the old versions of the sObject records.

Trigger.oldMap